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The Mechanical Engineering Handbook

The Mechanical
Engineering Handbook

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Calculators

Material Properties

Unit Converters

Useful Resources

Glossary

Aeronautical & Aerospace
Automotive
Control & Electrical
Fluid Dynamics
Geometric
Manufacturing Processes
Material Properties
Mechanical
Structural Mechanics
Thermodynamics

Fixed Wing Flight
Space Flight Dynamics
Spacecraft Systems

Powertrains
Vehicle Dynamics

Control Systems
Electrical

Compressible Flow
Dimensionless Numbers
Foil Theory
Incompressible Flow
Propeller Theory

2D & 3D

Addititive Manufacturing
Casting Processes
Forming & Deformation
Machining Processes
Sheet Metal
Welding Processes

Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties

Components

Beams in Bending
Stress Analysis
Strain Analysis
Tribology

Basic
Heat Transfer
Psychrometry
Thermodynamic Cycles

Lift and Drag

Lift
Drag

Performance

Lift-to-Drag Ratio
Rate of Climb
Specific Excess Power
Stall Speed
Turn Radius
Turn Rate

Take off & Landing

Acceleration Along a Runway
Rolling Resistance
Take off Distance

Orbital Mechanics

Angular Momentum
Angular Momentum for Circular Orbits
Delta-V for Hohmann Transfer
Escape Velocity
Hohmann Transfer
Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
Orbital Inclination
Orbital Period
Orbital Period for Circular Orbits
Orbital Velocity
Radius from True Anomaly
Specific Orbital Energy
Sphere of Influence
Vis-Viva Equation

Rocket Dynamics

Specific Impulse
Rocket Equation
Rocket Equation with Gravity Loss
Rocket Thrust

Plasmadynamics

Debye Length
Ionization Rate
Plasma Frequency

Re-Entry

Ballistic Coefficient
Ballistic Velocity
Density Equation for Exponential Atmosphere
Maximum Deceleration
Terminal Velocity

Aerothermodynamics

Stagnation Heatflux

General

Carburetor CFM
Crankshaft Frequency
Engine Displacement
Horsepower

Lateral Dynamics

Lateral Acceleration
Lateral Force on a Tyre
Slip Angle
Understeer Gradient
Yaw Rate

Longitudinal Dynamics

Rolling Resistance

First Order

Rise Time
Settling Time (2%)
Time Constant

Second Order Systems

Damped Frequency
Overshoot
Peak Time
Peak Value
Settling Time (2%)
Settling Time (5%)

AC

Capactive Reactance
Inductive Reactance
Power

General

Capacitance
Electric Charge
Energy Stored Inside a Capacitor
Ohms Law
Power

General

Isothermal Pipe Flow
Speed of Sound

Isentropic Relationships

Density and Temperature
Pressure and Density
Pressure-Temperature

Shock Wave Relations (Normal Shock)

Density Ratio
Pressure Ratio
Temperature Ratio

Stagnation Properties

Stagnation Density
Stagnation Pressure
Stagnation Temperature

Fluid Flow

Darcy Number
Froude Number
Mach Number
Reynolds Number
Weber Number

Fluid-Heat Transfer

Biot Number
Grashof Number
Nusselt Number
Prandtl Number

Coefficiencts & Ratios

Aspect Ratio
Coefficient of Pressure
Drag Coefficient
Lift Coefficient

General

Angle of Attack
Kutta-Joukowski Theorem

Buoyancy-Driven Flow

Buoyancy Force
Buoyancy-Driven Flow Rate
Stack Effect
Ventilation Rate
Plume Cross-Sectional Area
Vertical Volume Flow Rate

Bernoulli Equations

Standard Bernoulli Equation
Bernoulli Equation for Constant Height (Hydrostatic Pressure)
Bernoulli Equation for Horizontal Flow

Drag

Drag Equation
Stokes Law for Spherical Drag

Pipe Flow

Continuity
Darcy-Weisbach Equation
Flow Rate
Flow Rate Through an Orrifice
Force on a Fluid in a Control Volume
Head Differrence Between Two Ends of a Pipe
Poiseuille's Law

Coefficients and Ratios

Advance Ratio
Power Coefficient
Thrust Coefficient

General

Helix Angle
Helical Tip Velocity
Induced Drag (Vortex Theory)
Induced Velocity (Momentum Theory)
Propeller Efficiency
Torque

Thrust

Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT)
Thrust Equation

2D

Circumference
Cross-Sectional Area
Perimeter
Second Moment of Area

3D

Surface Area
Volume

General

Energy Density

General

Mold Constant
Shrinkage Allowance
Solidification Time

General

Flow Stress
Springback Factor

General

Cutting Force
Material Removal Rate
Taylor's Tool Life Equation
Surface Roughness Approximation
Spindle Power

Bending

Bend Allowance
Bend Deduction
Minimum Bend Radius

General

K-Factor
Springback Equation
Punch Force
Press Brake Tonnage
Stretch Force
Sheet Metal Weight

General

Duty Cycle
Heat Input in Welding

Properties

Bulk Modulus
Density
Ductility (% Elongation)
Elastic Modulus
Hardness (Brinell)
Fracture Toughness
Poisson's Ratio
Shear Modulus
Ultimate Tensile Strength
Yield Strength

Properties

Thermal Diffusivity
Thermal Expansion

Bearings

Basic Life Rating for Ball Bearings
Basic Life Rating for Roller Bearings
Equivilant Dynamic Load
Frictional Torque

Gears

Angular Velocity Relationship
Efficiency of Gear Transmission
Gear Ratio
Mechanical Advantage
Power Transmitted Between Gears
Torque Relationship

Shafts

Angle of Twist
Bending Stress
Deflection Under Load
Natural Frequency for Torsional Vibration
Polar Moment of Inertia of a Circular Shaft
Power Transmitted Through a Shaft
Shear Stress in a Shaft
Torque on a Shaft

General

Engineers Bending Moment Equation
Euler's Buckling Load
General Bending Stress
Uniformly Distributed Load

Cantilever Beam

Point Load
Point Load at Center of Beam
UDL Over Entire Span of Beam

Fixed Beam

UDL Over Entire Span of Beam

Simply Supported Beam

Point Load
Point Load at Center of Beam
UDL Over Entire Span of Beam

General

General 2D Stress Transformations
Principal Stress and Principle Angles
Von Mises Stress

Cylindrical Stress

Axial Stress
Hoop Stress

General

Normal Strain
Principal Strains
Shear Strain
Strain Energy Density
Strain Under Axial Loading
Strain Under Shear Loading
Volumetric Strain

Friction

Friction Force (Coulomb's Law of Friction)
Friction Power Loss
Hertzian Contact Stress

Lubrication

Boundary Lubrication Friction Coefficient
Coefficient of Friction in Hydrodynamic Lubrication

Wear

Specific Wear Rate
Stribeck Curve
Wear Rate (Archard's Wear Equation)

Basic

Enthalpy
First Law
Heat Transfer
Steady Flow Energy Equation
The Perfect Gas Equation

Basic

Conduction
Convection

Heat Exchange Fins

Conduction
Convection: Steady State

Basic Definitions

Relative Humidity
Dew Point Temperature

Humidity Ratios

Humidity (Mixing) Ratio
Specific Humidity

Brayton Cylce

Heat
Efficiency
Work

Carnot Cycle

Efficiency
Heat Added & Rejected
Net Work Done

Diesel Cylce

Cutoff Ratio
Efficiency
Heat
Work Done

Otto Cylce

Compression Ratio
Efficiency
Heat Added (Combustion Process)
Heat Rejected (Exhaust Process)
Pressure
Temperature

Rankine Cylce

Efficiency
Heat Added by Boiler (Isobaric Heat Addition)
Heat Rejected in Condensor (Isobaric Heat Rejection)
Work Done by Pump (Isentropic Compression)
Work Done by Turbine (Isentropic Expansion)

Solid Materials
Fluids & Gases

Electrical Properites
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties

Atmospheric Conditions

Metals
Semiconductors

Ferrous Alloys
Non-Ferrous Alloys
Non-Metals

Ceramics
Composites
Metals
Polymers
Rubbers

Standard Sea-Level Conditions
Properties of Water at Atmospheric Pressure

Common
Electrical
Engineering
Fluid Mechanics
Geometric
Mechanical
Thermodynamics

Distance
Mass
Speed
Temperature
Time

Current
Electrical Conductivity
Power
Resistivity
Voltage

Acceleration
Density
Energy
Force
Force Moment
Moment of Inertia
Pressure
Torque

Dynamic Viscosity
Flow Rate
Kinematic Viscosity
Surface Tension

Angle
Area
Specific Volume
Volume

Angular Acceleration
Angular Velocity
Rotational Frequency

Specific Heat Capacity
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Resistance

Books & Textbooks
Engineering Institutions & Standards
Fabrication and Manufacturing

Topics

CAD Software
CFD Software
FEA Software

Institutions
Standards

All
By Standard

Standard Component Sizes
Surface Finishes
Welding

Topics

Design
Control Theory
Fluid Mechanics
Manufacturing
Thermodynamics

Disciplines

Aeronautical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Marine Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

Common Standards

Diagrams & Symbols
Europian Aluminium Alloys
Europian Steel
Materials
Mechanical Design
Mechanical Components

Symbols

All Symbols

Components

Flat Washer Sizes
Metric Bolt Sizes Sizes
Metric Nut Sizes

Pipe Fittings

BSP Thread Sizes
NPT Thread Sizes

Surface Roughness

Surface Roughness
Typical Surface Roughness of Manufacturing Processes

Weld Charts

MIG Weldomg Wire Sizes
Stick Weld Amperage and Rod Size

Calculators ▾

Aeronautical & Aerospace ▾

Fixed Wing Flight

Lift & Drag

Performance

Lift-to-Drag Ratio

Take off & Landing

Acceleration Along a Runway

Rolling Resistance

Take off Distance

Space Flight Dynamics

Orbital Mechanics

Angular Momentum

Angular Momentum for Circular Orbits

Delta-V for Hohmann Transfer

Escape Velocity

Hohmann Transfer

Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation

Orbital Inclination

Orbital Period for Circular Orbits

Orbital Velocity

Radius from True Anomaly

Specific Orbital Energy

Sphere of Influence

Vis-Viva Equation

Rocket Dynamics

Specific Impulse

Rocket Equation

Rocket Equation with Gravity Loss

Spacecraft Systems

Plasmadynamics

Ionization Rate

Plasma Frequency

Re-Entry

Ballistic Coefficient

Ballistic Velocity

Density Equation for Exponential Atmosphere

Maximum Deceleration

Terminal Velocity

Aerothermodynamics

Stagnation Heatflux

Automotive ▾

Powertrains

General

Crankshaft Frequency

Engine Displacement

Vehicle Dynamics

Lateral Dynamics

Lateral Acceleration

Lateral Force on a Tyre

Understeer Gradient

Longitudinal Dynamics

Rolling Resistance

Control Systems & Electrical▾

Control Systems

First Order Systems

Settling Time (2%)

Second Order Systems

Damped Frequency

Settling Time (2%)

Settling Time (5%)

Electrical

AC Circuits

Capacitive Reactance

Inductive Reactance

General

Electric Charge

Energy Stored Inside a Capacitor

Fluid Dynamics ▾

Compressible Flow

General

Isothermal Pipe Flow

Isentropic Relationships

Density and Temperature

Pressure and Density

Pressure-Temperature

Shock Wave Relations (Normal Shock)

Temperature Ratio

Stagnation Properties

Stagnation Density

Stagnation Pressure

Stagnation Temperature

Dimensionless Numbers

Fluid Flow

Reynolds Number

Fluid-Heat Transfer

Foil Theory

Coefficients & Ratios

Coefficient of Pressure

Drag Coefficient

Lift Coefficient

General

Angle of Attack

Kutta-Joukowski Theorem

Incompressible Flow

Buoyancy-Driven Flow

Buoyancy-Driven Flow Rate

Ventilation Rate

Plume Cross-Sectional Area

Vertical Volume Flow Rate

Bernoulli Equations

Standard Bernoulli Equation

Bernoulli Equation for Constant Height (Hydrostatic Pressure)

Bernoulli Equation for Horizontal Flow

Drag

Stokes Law for Spherical Drag

Pipe Flow

Darcy-Weisbach Equation

Flow Rate Through an Orrifice

Force on a Fluid in a Control Volume

Head Differrence Between Two Ends of a Pipe

Poiseuille's Law

Propeller Theory

Coefficients and Ratios

Power Coefficient

Thrust Coefficient

General

Helical Tip Velocity

Induced Drag (Vortex Theory)

Induced Velocity (Momentum Theory)

Propeller Efficiency

Thrust

Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT)

Thrust Equation

Geometric ▾

2D

Cross-Sectional Area

Second Moment of Area

3D

Manufacturing Processes ▾

Additive Manufacturing

General

Casting Processes

General

Shrinkage Allowance

Solidification Time

Forming & Deformation

General

Springback Factor

Machining Processes

General

Material Removal Rate

Taylor's Tool Life Equation

Surface Roughness Approximation

Sheet Metal

Bending

Minimum Bend Radius

General

Springback Equation

Press Brake Tonnage

Sheet Metal Weight

Welding Processes

General

Heat Input in Welding

Material Properties ▾

Mechanical Properties

Ductility (% Elongation)

Elastic Modulus

Hardness (Brinell)

Fracture Toughness

Poisson's Ratio

Ultimate Tensile Strength

Thermal Properties

Thermal Diffusivity

Thermal Expansion

Mechanical ▾

Bearings

Basic Life Rating for Ball Bearings

Basic Life Rating for Roller Bearings

Equivilant Dynamic Load

Frictional Torque

Gears

Angular Velocity Relationship

Efficiency of Gear Transmission

Mechanical Advantage

Power Transmitted Between Gears

Torque Relationship

Shafts

Deflection Under Load

Natural Frequency for Torsional Vibration

Polar Moment of Inertia of a Circular Shaft

Power Transmitted Through a Shaft

Shear Stress in a Shaft

Torque on a Shaft

Structural Mechanics ▾

Beams in Bending

General

Engineers Bending Moment Equation

Euler's Buckling Load

General Bending Stress

Uniformly Distributed Load

Cantilever Beam

Point Load at Center of Beam

UDL Over Entire Span of Beam

Fixed Beam

UDL Over Entire Span of Beam

Simply Supported Beam

Point Load at Center of Beam

UDL Over Entire Span of Beam

Stress Analysis

General

General 2D Stress Transformations

Principal Stress and Principle Angles

Von Mises Stress

Cylindrical Stress

Strain Analysis

General

General 2D Stress Transformations

Principal Strains

Strain Energy Density

Strain Under Axial Loading

Strain Under Shear Loading

Volumetric Strain

Tribology

Friction

Friction Force (Coulomb's Law of Friction)

Friction Power Loss

Hertzian Contact Stress

Lubrication

Boundary Lubrication Friction Coefficient

Coefficient of Friction in Hydrodynamic Lubrication

Wear

Specific Wear Rate

Wear Rate (Archard's Wear Equation)

Thermodynamics ▾

Basics

Basic Equations

Steady Flow Energy Equation

The Perfect Gas Equation

Heat Transfer

Steady State

Heat Exchange Fins

Convection: Steady State

Psychrometry

Basic Definitions

Relative Humidity

Dew Point Temperature

Humidity Ratios

Humidity (Mixing) Ratio

Specific Humidity

Thermodynamic Cycles

Brayton Cylce

Carnot Cylce

Heat Added & Rejected

Diesel Cylce

Otto Cylce

Compression Ratio

Heat Added (Combustion Process)

Heat Rejected (Exhaust Process)

Rankine Cylce

Heat Added by Boiler (Isobaric Heat Addition)

Heat Rejected in Condensor (Isobaric Heat Rejection)

Work Done by Pump (Isentropic Compression)

Work Done by Turbine (Isentropic Expansion)

Material Properties ▾

Solid Materials ▾

Electrical Properties

Mechanical Properties

Non-Ferrous Alloys

Thermal Properties

Fluids & Gases ▾

Atmospheric Conditions

Standard Sea-Level Conditions

Properties of Water at Atmospheric Pressure

Unit Conversions ▾

Common ▾

Electrical ▾

Electrical Conductivity

Engineering ▾

Moment of Inertia

Fluid Mechanics ▾

Dynamic Viscosity

Kinematic Viscosity

Surface Tension

Geometric ▾

Specific Volume

Mechanical ▾

Angular Acceleration

Angular Velocity

Rotational Frequency

Thermodynamics ▾

Specific Heat Capacity

Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Resistance

Useful Resources ▾

Books & Textbooks

Engineering Institutions & Standards

Fabrication and Manufacturing

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The Mechanical
Engineering Handbook

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