The Mechanical Engineering Handbook
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Calculators
Material Properties
Unit Conversion
Useful Resources
Glossary
Control & Electrical
Fluid Dynamics
Geometric
Material Properties
Structural Mechanics
Thermodynamics
Control Theory
Electrical
Buoyancy-Driven Flow & Natural Ventilation
Compressible Flow
Dimensionless Numbers
Incompressible Flow
Propeller Theory
2D
3D
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Beams in Bending
Stress Analysis
Strain Analysis
Tribology
Basic
Heat Transfer
Psychrometry
Thermodynamic Cycles
First Order
Rise Time
Settling Time (2%)
Time Constant
Second Order Systems
Damped Frequency
Overshoot
Peak Time
Peak Value
Settling Time (2%)
Settling Time (5%)
General
Capacitance
Electric Charge
Energy Stored Inside a Capacitor
Ohms Law
Power
AC
Capactive Reactance
Inductive Reactance
Power
Buoyancy-Driven Flow
Buoyancy Force
Buoyancy Driven Flow Rate
Natural Ventilation
Stack Effect
Ventilation Rate
Plumes in Rooms
Plume Cross-Sectional Area
Vertical Volume Flow Rate
General
Isothermal Pipe Flow
Speed of Sound
Isentropic Relationships
Density and Temperature
Pressure and Density
Pressure-Temperature
Shock Wave Relations (Normal Shock)
Density Ratio
Pressure Ratio
Temperature Ratio
Stagnation Properties
Stagnation Density
Stagnation Pressure
Stagnation Temperature
Fluid Flow
Darcy Number
Froude Number
Mach Number
Reynolds Number
Weber Number
Fluid-Heat Transfer
Biot Number
Grashof Number
Nusselt Number
Prandtl Number
Drag
Drag Equation
Stokes Law for Spherical Drag
Bernoulli Equations
Standard Bernoulli Equation
Bernoulli Equation for Constant Height (Hydrostatic Pressure)
Bernoulli Equation for Horizontal Flow
Pipe Flow
Continuity
Darcy-Weisbach Equation
Flow Rate
Flow Rate Through an Orrifice
Force on a Fluid in a Control Volume
Head Differrence Between Two Ends of a Pipe
Poiseuille's Law
Thrust
Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT)
Thrust Equation
Coefficients and Ratios
Advance Ratio
Power Coefficient
Propeller Efficiency
Thrust Coefficient
Other
Helix Angle
Helical Tip Velocity
Induced Drag (Vortex Theory)
Induced Velocity (Momentum Theory)
Torque
Basic
Circumference
Cross-Sectional Area
Perimeter
Advanced
Second Moment of Area
Basic
Surface Area
Volume
Properties
Bulk Modulus
Density
Ductility (% Elongation)
Elastic Modulus
Hardness (Brinell)
Fracture Toughness
Poisson's Ratio
Shear Modulus
Ultimate Tensile Strength
Yield Strength
Properties
Thermal Diffusivity
Thermal Expansion
General
Engineers Bending Moment Equation
Euler's Buckling Load
General Bending Stress
Uniformly Distributed Load
Cantilever Beam
Point Load
Point Load at Center of Beam
UDL Over Entire Span of Beam
Fixed Beam
UDL Over Entire Span of Beam
Simply Supported Beam
Point Load
Point Load at Center of Beam
UDL Over Entire Span of Beam
General
General 2D Stress Transformations
Principal Stress and Principle Angles
Von Mises Stress
Cylindrical Stress
Axial Stress
Hoop Stress
General
Normal Strain
Principal Strains
Shear Strain
Strain Energy Density
Strain Under Axial Loading
Strain Under Shear Loading
Volumetric Strain
Friction
Friction Force (Coulomb's Law of Friction)
Friction Power Loss
Hertzian Contact Stress
Lubrication
Boundary Lubrication Friction Coefficient
Coefficient of Friction in Hydrodynamic Lubrication
Wear
Specific Wear Rate
Stribeck Curve
Wear Rate (Archard's Wear Equation)
Basic Equations
Enthalpy
First Law
Heat Transfer
Steady Flow Energy Equation
The Perfect Gas Equation
Basic
Conduction
Convection
Heat Exchange Fins
Conduction
Convection: Steady State
Basic Definitions
Relative Humidity
Dew Point Temperature
Humidity Ratios
Humidity (Mixing) Ratio
Specific Humidity
Brayton Cylce
Heat
Efficiency
Work
Carnot Cycle
Efficiency
Heat Added & Rejected
Net Work Done
Diesel Cylce
Cutoff Ratio
Efficiency
Heat
Work Done
Otto Cylce
Compression Ratio
Efficiency
Heat Added (Combustion Process)
Heat Rejected (Exhaust Process)
Pressure
Temperature
Rankine Cylce
Efficiency
Heat Added by Boiler (Isobaric Heat Addition)
Heat Rejected in Condensor (Isobaric Heat Rejection)
Work Done by Pump (Isentropic Compression)
Work Done by Turbine (Isentropic Expansion)
Common
Electrical
Engineering
Fluid Mechanics
Geometric
Mechanical
Thermodynamics
Distance
Mass
Speed
Temperature
Time
Current
Electrical Conductivity
Power
Resistivity
Voltage
Acceleration
Density
Energy
Force
Force Moment
Moment of Inertia
Pressure
Torque
Dynamic Viscosity
Flow Rate
Kinematic Viscosity
Surface Tension
Angle
Area
Specific Volume
Volume
Angular Acceleration
Angular Velocity
Rotational Frequency
Specific Heat Capacity
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Resistance
Electrical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Ferrous Alloys
Non-Ferrous Metals
Non-Metals
Metals
Semiconductors
Ceramics
Composites
Metals
Polymers (Plastics)
Rubbers
Alloy Steel
Carbon Steel
Cast Iron
Stainless Steel
Aluminium Alloys
Copper Alloys
Nickel Alloys
Titanium Alloys
Zinc Alloys
Plastics
Rubbers
Woods
Book Reccomendations
CAE Software
Engineering Institutions
Top Picks
CAD Software
CFD Software
FEA Software
What are Engineering Institutions
List of Institutions
Engineering Design
Fluid Dynamics
General
Manufacturing
Quality Management
Structural Mechanics
Thermodynamics
Calculators ▾
Control ▾
First Order Systems
Rise Time
Settling Time (2%)
Time Constant
Second Order Systems
Damped Frequency
Overshoot
Peak Time
Peak Value
Ohms Law
Power
Electrical ▾
General
Capacitance
Electric Charge
Energy Stored Inside a Capacitor
Ohms Law
Power
AC
Capactive Reactance
Inductive Reactance
Power
Fluid Dynamics ▾
Buoyancy-Driven Flow & Natural Ventilation
Buoyancy-Driven Flow
Buoyancy Force
Buoyancy Driven Flow Rate
Natural Ventilation
Stack Effect
Ventilation Rate
Plumes in Rooms
Plume Cross-Sectional Area
Vertical Volume Flow Rate
Compressible Flow
General
Isothermal Pipe Flow
Speed of Sound
Isentropic Relationships
Density and Temperature
Pressure and Density
Pressure-Temperature
Shock Wave Relations (Normal Shock)
Density Ratio
Pressure Ratio
Temperature Ratio
Stagnation Properties
Stagnation Density
Stagnation Pressure
Stagnation Temperature
Dimensionless Numbers
Fluid Flow
Darcy Number
Froude Number
Mach Number
Reynolds Number
Weber Number
Fluid-Heat Transfer
Biot Number
Grashof Number
Nusselt Number
Prandtl Number
Incompressible Flow
Drag
Drag Equation
Stokes Law for Spherical Drag
Bernoulli Equations
Standard Bernoulli Equation
Bernoulli Equation for Constant Height (Hydrostatic Pressure)
Bernoulli Equation for Horizontal Flow
Pipe Flow
Continuity
Darcy-Weisbach Equation
Flow Rate
Flow Rate Through an Orrifice
Force on a Fluid in a Control Volume
Head Differrence Between Two Ends of a Pipe
Poiseuille's Law
Propeller Theory
Thrust
Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT)
Thrust Equation
Coefficients and Ratios
Advance Ratio
Power Coefficient
Propeller Efficiency
Thrust Coefficient
Other
Helix Angle
Helical Tip Velocity
Induced Drag (Vortex Theory)
Induced Velocity (Momentum Theory)
Torque
Geometric ▾
2D
Circumference
Cross-Sectional Area
Perimeter
Second Moment of Area
3D
Circumference
Material Properties ▾
Mechanical Properties
Bulk Modulus
Density
Ductility (% Elongation)
Elastic Modulus
Hardness (Brinell)
Fracture Toughness
Poisson's Ratio
Shear Modulus
Ultimate Tensile Strength
Yield Strength
Thermal Properties
Thermal Diffusivity
Thermal Expansion
Structural Mechanics ▾
Beams in Bending
General
Bulk Modulus
Engineers Bending Moment Equation
Euler's Buckling Load
General Bending Stress
Uniformly Distributed Load
Cantilever Beam
Point Load
Point Load at Center of Beam
UDL Over Entire Span of Beam
Fixed Beam
UDL Over Entire Span of Beam
Simply Supported Beam
Point Load
Point Load at Center of Beam
UDL Over Entire Span of Beam
Stress Analysis
General
General 2D Stress Transformations
Principal Stress and Principle Angles
Von Mises Stress
Cylindrical Stress
Axial Stress
Hoop Stress
Strain Analysis
General
General 2D Stress Transformations
Normal Strain
Principal Strains
Shear Strain
Strain Energy Density
Strain Under Axial Loading
Strain Under Shear Loading
Volumetric Strain
Tribology
Friction
Bulk Modulus
Friction Force (Coulomb's Law of Friction)
Friction Power Loss
Hertzian Contact Stress
Lubrication
Boundary Lubrication Friction Coefficient
Coefficient of Friction in Hydrodynamic Lubrication
Wear
Specific Wear Rate
Stribeck Curve
Wear Rate (Archard's Wear Equation)
Thermodynamics ▾
Basics
Basic Equations
Enthalpy
First Law
Heat Transfer
Steady Flow Energy Equation
The Perfect Gas Equation
Heat Transfer
Steady State
Conduction
Convection
Heat Exchange Fins
Conduction
Convection: Steady State
Psychrometry
Basic Definitions
Relative Humidity
Dew Point Temperature
Humidity Ratios
Humidity (Mixing) Ratio
Specific Humidity
Thermodynamic Cycles
Brayton Cylce
Heat
Efficiency
Work
Carnot Cylce
Efficiency
Heat Added & Rejected
Net Work Done
Diesel Cylce
Cutoff Ratio
Efficiency
Heat
Work Done
Otto Cylce
Compression Ratio
Efficiency
Heat Added (Combustion Process)
Heat Rejected (Exhaust Process)
Pressure
Temperature
Rankine Cylce
Efficiency
Heat Added by Boiler (Isobaric Heat Addition)
Heat Rejected in Condensor (Isobaric Heat Rejection)
Work Done by Pump (Isentropic Compression)
Work Done by Turbine (Isentropic Expansion)
Material Properties ▾
Electrical ▾
Metals
Semiconductors
Mechanical ▾
Ferrous Alloys
Alloy Steel
Carbon Steel
Cast Iron
Stainless Steel
Non-Ferrous Alloys
Aluminium Alloys
Copper Alloys
Nickel Alloys
Titanium Alloys
Zinc Alloys
Non-Metals
Plastics
Rubbers
Woods
Thermal ▾
Ceramics
Composites
Metals
Polymers (Plastics)
Rubbers
Unit Conversions ▾
Common ▾
Distance
Mass
Speed
Temperature
Time
Electrical ▾
Current
Electrical Conductivity
Power
Resistivity
Voltage
Engineering ▾
Acceleration
Density
Energy
Force
Force Moment
Moment of Inertia
Pressure
Torque
Fluid Mechanics ▾
Dynamic Viscosity
Flow Rate
Kinematic Viscosity
Surface Tension
Geometric ▾
Angle
Area
Specific Volume
Volume
Mechanical ▾
Angular Acceleration
Angular Velocity
Rotational Frequency
Thermodynamics ▾
Specific Heat Capacity
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Resistance
Useful Resources ▾
Book Reccomendations
CAE Software
Engineering Institutions
Glossary
Home
/
CAE Software Homepage
/ FEA Software
Commercial FEA Software
Abaqus
Developer:
Dassault Systèmes (SIMULIA)
Primary Focus:
Nonlinear FEA, multiphysics and complex simulations
Features:
Linear and highly nonlinear static/dynamic analysis.
Advanced contact algorithms for impact, wear and friction.
Detailed material modelling (plasticity, hyperelasticity etc).
Multiphysics simulations, including thermal and fluid-structure interaction (FSI).
Integrated with SIMULA product lifecycle management (PLM) tools.
Strengths:
Excellent for complex nonlinear simulation.
Advanced material modelling capabilities.
Strong in structural and crash simulations.
Weaknesses:
Expensive.
Steep learning curve.
Resource-heavy for large-scale problems.
Pricing:
Expensive (enterprise level pricing)
ANSYS Mechanical
Developer:
ANSYS Inc.
Primary Focus:
General-purpose FEA for a wide range of physics
Features:
Linear and nonlinear structural analysis.
Thermal, fluid and coupled-field analysis.
Advanced material models, including composites.
Explicit dynamics for impact and crash simulations.
Built-in optimization tools and parametric studies.
Strengths:
Highly accurate simulations across a broad range of physics.
Robust solver with high performance for large models.
Extensive material libary and advanced analysis capabilities.
Weaknesses:
Expensive, complex to master.
Steep learning curve for new users.
Pricing:
Expensive subscription based (enterprise level)
COMSOL Multiphysics
Developer:
COMSOL Inc.
Primary Focus:
Multiphysics simulation with customizable FEA modules
Features:
Multiphysics coupling for thermal, structural, fluid and electrical simulations.
Predefined modules for various industries (e.g. AC/DC, acoustics, heat transfer etc).
Parametric sweeps and optimization.
User-defined partial differential equations (PDEs).
Extensive material libaries and custom material support.
Strengths:
Excellent for simulations that involve multiple physics domains.
Customization of equations for unique simulations.
Intuitive interface for complex setups.
Weaknesses:
Limited for purely structural or mechanical simulations.
Performance can suffer for very large models.
Pricing:
Moderate-high, depending on modules used.
MSC Nastran/Patran
Developer:
MSC Software (Hexagon)
Primary Focus:
High-performance FEA for structural analysis
Features:
Linear and nonlinear analysis for structural problems.
Dynamics analysis, including vibration, noise and fatigue.
Advanced material modelling and composites.
Integration with Patran for pre- and post processing.
High-performance solvers for large-scale models.
Strengths:
Excellent for linear statics, dynamics and advanced materials.
Highly scalable for large problems.
Robust solver used in aerospace and automotive industries.
Weaknesses:
Steel learning curve and old interface (Patran).
Less intuitive compared to modern FEA tools.
Pricing:
Expensive (enterprise level pricing).
SolidWorks Simulation
Developer:
Dassault Systèmes
Primary Focus:
FEA integrated within SolidWorks for mechancial simulation
Features:
Static, dynamic, thermal and fatigue analysis.
Linear and basic nonlinear analysis.
Contact and weld analysis for assemblies.
Integrated within SolidWorks for seamless workflow.
Parametric study and design optimization options.
Strengths:
Seamless integration with Solidworks CAD.
Easy to use..
Good for typical mechanical and structural analysis.
Weaknesses:
Limited in advanced nonlinear, explicit dynamics and multiphysics.
Not ideal for complex geometries or large assemblies..
Pricing:
Moderate, within SolidWorks subscription/licensing